{"id":101616,"date":"2024-09-17T14:44:28","date_gmt":"2024-09-17T13:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fondazionepirelli.org\/uncategorized\/donne-e-lavoro-le-prescrizioni-della-costituzione-e-i-vantaggi-per-lo-sviluppo-e-la-qualita-della-vita\/"},"modified":"2024-09-20T15:17:05","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T14:17:05","slug":"women-and-work-the-provisions-of-the-constitution-and-the-benefits-in-terms-of-development-and-quality-of-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondazionepirelli.org\/en\/corporate-culture\/women-and-work-the-provisions-of-the-constitution-and-the-benefits-in-terms-of-development-and-quality-of-life\/","title":{"rendered":"Women and work, the provisions of the Constitution and the benefits in terms of development and quality of life"},"content":{"rendered":"

It is necessary to insist on the importance of women in work and the decisive elimination of gender inequalities if we truly want to build better economic and social development in Italy. This is true for the sake of the Constitution but also for the values and interests of the country and for the future of the coming generation. These views were expressed by President of the Republic Sergio Mattarella<\/strong> and former Prime Minister and ECB (European Central Bank) President Mario Draghi<\/strong>. In the country which is growing little and badly and undergoing an increasingly chilly \u201cdemographic winter\u201d<\/strong>, their speeches at the end of last week had the merit of directing public discourse to one of the essential issues to which politics and economics should devote the utmost attention.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s start with Mattarella. In a message sent to the \u201cIl tempo delle donne\u201d (the time of women) event organised, as every year, by Corriere della Sera<\/em>, the President recalled that \u201cwork is an engine of social and economic growth\u201d<\/strong> and \u201cour country, like others, cannot afford to forego the contribution of women, who are an indispensable factor.\u201d The gap of almost 20% between male and female employment is \u201ca critical point\u201d that needs to be reduced further and further. And if work also means \u201cfreedom, dignity and liberation<\/strong>\u201d, it is necessary to \u201crespect the rights of equality and parity envisaged in the Constitution\u201d also in labour relations.<\/p>\n

It is therefore necessary to break down \u201cobstacles and inequalities\u201d, to finally overcome \u201cbarriers\u201d to access, salaries, careers and senior positions,<\/strong> which lead to \u201cunacceptable and hateful discrimination: dismissals, forced signing of undated resignation letters, undue pressure, even forms of stalking and violence, physical and psychological\u201d. With respect to obstacles, Mattarella indicated those that \u201cmake it difficult to reconcile employment and looking after a family\u201d. The focus is on the coming generation: \u201cIn order to try to curb demographic impoverishment but also to meet the legitimate desires of young couples, it will be increasingly necessary to strive for better management of services, to balance time at work, for a stronger culture of supporting families<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mario Draghi too referred to the fundamental law that guides the Republic: \u201cWhoever pays women less is acting against the Constitution<\/strong>.\u201d<\/strong> It\u2019s a strong statement, which directly calls upon the world of business and the professions and which also calls upon the government, parliament, political forces and public administrations to do more decisively and more effectively what is needed to combat those \u201cbarriers\u201d and \u201cdiscriminations\u201d that Mattarella mentions.<\/p>\n

Draghi recalled how Italy is \u201cfar, too far behind\u201d in gender equality. He insisted that \u201cequality is not enacted by decree; the conditions for it need to be built\u201d<\/strong>. He also included the necessary political decisions for greater participation of women in work in the strategy for revitalising industrial and innovation policy set out in the European \u201cCompetitiveness Report\u201d presented recently in Brussels.<\/p>\n

The appeal to the Constitution is highly appropriate. And it is worth recalling the three articles to which reference should be made: 3, 31 and 37.<\/p>\n

The most direct is Article 37<\/strong>, which states that \u201ca working woman has the same rights and, for equal work, the same remuneration as a working man\u201d and adds: \u201cWorking conditions must allow the essential function of the family to be fulfilled and ensure appropriate special protection for children.\u201d The broader Article 31<\/strong> states that \u201cthe Republic facilitates, by means of economic measures and other provisions, the formation of families and the fulfilment of related tasks, with particular regard to large families. It protects maternity, childhood and youth, promoting the necessary institutions for this purpose.\u201d And Article 3<\/strong> is the general framework for these indications: \u201cIt is the task of the Republic to remove those obstacles of an economic and social nature which, by effectively limiting the freedom and equality of citizens, prevent the full development of the human person and the effective participation of all workers in the political, economic and social organisation of the country.\u201d<\/p>\n

The experience of each one of us and a reading of recent history tell us that many steps forward have been taken since the approval of the Constitution to the present day. But it also confirms that those fundamental provisions are still far from having been fully and satisfactorily implemented, to the extent that two personalities of great intellectual and political weight and cultural and intellectual rigour, Mattarella and Draghi, rightly feel the need to remind us of its requirement.<\/p>\n

These rules are broken by institutions and companies, as well as by many individuals, Simonetta Sciandivasci stresses in La Stampa (14 September).<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s look at some data, so we can understand better. According to ISTAT, the female employment rate was 52.7%, an improvement on the 51.9% of the same period last year. But it was still well below that of men, at 70.4% in 2024 and 69.4% in 2023, a gap of 18 points, much wider than the EU average of 10%. It\u2019s a gender gap that continues to position us in the last places in Europe and has a negative impact on the overall performance of the Italian economy: \u201cIf our female employment rate were to reach the European average, GDP would grow by 7.4%,\u201d noted economist Azzurra Rinaldi, director of the School of Gender Economics at Rome\u2019s \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d University, during \u201cIl tempo delle donne\u201d (Corriere della Sera<\/em>, 14 September).<\/p>\n

\u201cLooking at the female employment rate, we have made enormous progress in the last two years. And the path along which we should move forward is clear,\u201d says Minister of the Economy Giancarlo Giorgetti. Economist and expert on welfare and social issues Maurizio Ferrera, however, insists in an editorial in Corriere della Sera<\/em> (16 September): \u201cWomen and rights: long delays to equality remain\u201d. He notes that an awareness of how women\u2019s employment benefits the economy is taking root among the coming generation above all, but also that government, institutions and parties, across political divides\u00a0\u2013 each in their own way and for different reasons\u00a0\u2013 are struggling to translate this idea into concrete policy decisions and measures.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s not a case of bonuses or subsidies, but of economic and social policy measures related to incomes, career opportunities and salaries, services, the home and work\u2013life balance prospects for both mothers and fathers. More generally, it\u2019s about truly rebuilding confidence in the future.<\/strong><\/p>\n

There is yet another aspect to insist on: the positive relationship between female employment and the demographic situation: \u201cThe fertility rate increases where women work the most,\u201d argues Maria Rita Testa, professor of Demography at Luiss University (IlSole24Ore<\/em>, 5 September), illustrating how those rates are higher than the national average (1.2%, among the lowest in the EU, with an average of 1.46%) in areas such as the autonomous provinces of Bolzano and Trento and Emilia Romagna (1.56%, 1.28% and 1.22% respectively) where female employment amounts to 69.3%, 64.5% and 64.4%. It\u2019s not that one necessarily causes the other, of course, but it points a way forward, the paths of quality of life and work, efficient services and a confident outlook, combining \u201cemployment, education and welfare policies, with a concerted effort to create a working environment in which women achieve their full professional potential without giving up their role as mothers in families\u201d.<\/p>\n

(foto Getty Images)<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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