{"id":96372,"date":"2023-06-27T16:53:21","date_gmt":"2023-06-27T15:53:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fondazionepirelli.org\/uncategorized\/macchine-di-leonardo-e-cultura-politecnica-lezione-utile-per-unintelligenza-artificiale-in-mani-umanistiche\/"},"modified":"2023-06-30T16:40:35","modified_gmt":"2023-06-30T15:40:35","slug":"macchine-di-leonardo-e-cultura-politecnica-lezione-utile-per-unintelligenza-artificiale-in-mani-umanistiche","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondazionepirelli.org\/en\/corporate-culture\/blog\/macchine-di-leonardo-e-cultura-politecnica-lezione-utile-per-unintelligenza-artificiale-in-mani-umanistiche\/","title":{"rendered":"Leonardo da Vinci&#8217;s \u201cMachines\u201d and polytechnic culture: a useful lessonfor humanist hands handling artificial intelligence\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Science, technology, mechanical gears, hydraulics and architectural calculations, details of birds&#8217; flight to build machines that could imitate them, as well as beautiful drawings, accurate numbers, and fascinating illustrations embodying extremely refined artistry \u2013 the 1,119 sheets making up Leonardo da Vinci&#8217;s Atlantic Codex, preserved in the rooms of the Ambrosian Library in Milan, comprise all this. Moreover, this great volume (in the same format as a geographic atlas) embodies the quintessence of cultural traits that marked one of the best eras in Italian, as well as international, culture: the Renaissance. A blend between science and artistic creativity, amidst knowledge, craftsmanship and shared skills \u2013 a journey into learning and its narration. Astonishing \u201cpolytechnic culture\u201d reviving in modern times that Greek wisdom based on <em>kalos kai agathos<\/em> (the \u2018beautiful and good\u2019) \u2013 beauty not purely conceived in aesthetic terms but, above all, able to \u201cgenerate harmony\u201d (to adopt the words Pope Frances used to address the artistic community at the Vatican). A machine civilisation with an artistic streak, humanism opening its doors to entrepreneurship and industriousness.<\/p>\n<p>The exhibition featuring twelve drawings from da Vinci&#8217;s Atlantic Codex opened on Tuesday 20 June at the Martin Luther King Memorial Library in Washington (a building whose architecture is exemplary, designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe to create a public space open and accessible to everyone) and boasts long queues of visitors every day, including a lot of children, who can entertain themselves at dedicated tables and installations with games based on Leonardo&#8217;s works. And its title, \u201cImagining the future\u201d, aptly expresses the value of an exhibition \u2013 the first in the United States \u2013 that moves along the perpetually interweaving paths of historical knowledge and engineering creativity, between traditional skills and the willingness to explore their new dimensions (as previously discussed in a blog post from two weeks ago).<\/p>\n<p>An event entailing the \u201cfuture of memory\u201d, in other words, in full awareness of the wise message handed down by one of the greatest historians of the 20th century, Fernand Braudel: \u201cTo have been is a condition for being\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The exhibition was organised by territorial entrepreneurial institution Confindustria, with Carlo Bonomi at its head, with the support of prominent Italian enterprises (Intesa Sanpaolo, ITA Airways, 24Ore Cultura, Dolce&amp;Gabbana, Domp\u00e8, Pirelli and Trenitalia) so as to expose the great American public to a powerful illustration of the high quality of Italian manufacturing in a market that&#8217;s now become extremely demanding and competitive. Indeed, it focuses on key features of the Italian economic landscape: the very tight bond between doing business and creating culture, the role of \u201cindustrial humanism\u201d acting as a productive \u2013 and therefore competitive \u2013 asset, the importance of insisting on particular \u201cvalues\u201d (beauty, quality, care for people, corporate ethics and therefore environmental and social sustainability) even while generating financial \u201cvalue\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The \u201cmachines\u201d depicted in Leonardo&#8217;s twelve drawings exhibited in Washington (diggers, hydraulic structures, flight devices such as prototypes foreshadowing our helicopters or airplane wings) wholly express a blend of creativity and experimentation, a newly envisioned balance and sophisticated engineering techniques.<\/p>\n<p>Knowledge in action \u2013 just as it happens with the best \u201cmade in Italy\u201d goods and their unique \u201ccreative empathy\u201d (quoting Franco Ferrarotti), which in many cases brings together market and society, productivity and social inclusion.<\/p>\n<p>In Washington, the conversations had by business people, diplomats, politicians and cultural figures while admiring Leonardo&#8217;s oeuvres also bear witness to the importance of further exploring a topic that, lately, has come to prominence both in the United States and in Europe, a topic that concerns the relationships between science and the humanities and the necessity to reiterate the multidisciplinary structural nature of knowledge, as well as the need for progressively more expert skills able to \u201cvertically\u201d cut through various disciplines. Moreover, and above all, the need to reassert the relationships existing between different cultural spheres, giving science more room to expand, in equal measure with the humanities, however, so as to attain an increasingly more enhanced \u201cpolytechnic culture\u201d \u2013 Leonardo da Vinci is undoubtedly a great example of this.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, a certain degree of apprehension has arisen \u2013 from the United States, in fact \u2013 a certain nervousness articulated, amongst others, by Nathan Heller, technology scholar and writer for The New Yorker: \u201cUniversity numbers in the humanities have dropped everywhere. It&#8217;s a mistake we&#8217;ll come to regret.\u201d (La Stampa, 25 June).<\/p>\n<p>Universities insist upon scientific subjects as they receive increasingly higher funding for them, also from the corporate world. Young people go to university looking for a \u201cuseful\u201d technological education leading to well-paid jobs: \u201cFaculties of humanities are at risk of losing the best students. This is a real and dangerous phenomenon\u201d, states Heller.<\/p>\n<p>Then again, developments in the digital world and artificial intelligence demand complex skills that won&#8217;t merely stop at \u201chow to do things\u201d but, above all, require to know \u201cwhy we do things\u201d, taking into consideration the ethical and social aspects of scientific evolution as well as the policies, political and cultural decisions we should take when faced with new technological frontiers, in order to understand, determine, and realise their consequences without giving in to a myth of \u201cprogress\u201d seen as indisputably good and beneficial to all. That is, without the risk of \u201can eclipse of what is human by what is not\u201d, in Heller&#8217;s words, and without neglecting the human dimension, our \u201cinner life\u201d, keeping an eye on the real world and not just on the economy.<\/p>\n<p>In Italy, such considerations are also part of an ongoing discussion on the need to further emphasise STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) degrees, which enterprises are suffering a shortage of. A key debate on which knowledge and skills are useful for economic development yet, most probably, also one that requires some deeper consideration as regard to the humanities.<\/p>\n<p>About ten years ago, entrepreneurial association Assolombarda, then headed by Gianfelice Rocca, was already insisting on adding the letter \u201cA\u201d for \u201carts\u201d \u2013 the humanities \u2013 to the acronym, shifting from STEM to STEAM so as to include literature, philosophy, aesthetic and visual arts and radically improve culture and education.<\/p>\n<p>This is still an ongoing debate (as the Polytechnics of Milan and Turin, which offer excellent philosophy programmes, are well aware of), precisely with respect to the new frontiers of artificial intelligence and the concerns of those who believe that algorithms shouldn&#8217;t just be written by engineers and mathematicians but also in collaboration with cyberscientists, neuropsychologists, philosophers, economists, sociologists, jurists and people of letters \u2013 in order to have said algorithms recognising multiple meanings, different shades of sense, ethical and social themes, policies and implications rights and duties. Human hands handling artificial intelligence. Being aware, in a very human way, of boundaries (recent stories, from the financial crisis to the pandemic and the war, have reminded us of this, forcing us to face our own fragilities).<\/p>\n<p>Thus, reflecting on Leonardo da Vinci&#8217;s focus on the centrality of human beings in both the arts and sciences can inspire, even today, some very relevant thoughts.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Science, technology, mechanical gears, hydraulics and architectural calculations, details of birds&#8217; flight to build machines that could imitate them, as well as beautiful drawings, accurate numbers, and fascinating illustrations embodying extremely refined artistry \u2013 the 1,119 sheets making up Leonardo da Vinci&#8217;s Atlantic Codex, preserved in the rooms of the Ambrosian Library in Milan, comprise [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":96370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-corporate-culture"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - 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